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  1. Augarten, Stan. 1984. Bit by Bit: An Illustrated History of Computers. N.p.: Ticknor & Fields. http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-eight/8-6-noyces-integrated-circuit/.
  2. Anderson, Pehr, et al. “The Core of Engineering Revolutions.” Core Report. https://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.972/Core%20Report.html#:~:text=From%20the%20mid%2D1950%27s%20to,to%20Inventors%27%20Hall%20of%20Fame.
  3. Bellis, Mary. "Who Invented the Intel 1103 DRAM Chip?" ThoughtCo. February 2018. https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677 
  4. "Coal mining, Anthracite Region, Pennsylvania. Loading coal in Anthracite Mine." Card. The Mebane Greeting Card Co., Wilkes-Barre, PA., [ca. 1930–1945]. Digital Commonwealth, https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/4b29b7861. 
  5. Computer History Museum. "Home - CHM." 1998. https://www.computerhistory.org. 
    1. “1959: Practical Monolithic Integrated Circuit Concept Patented.” 1959: Practical Monolithic Integrated Circuit Concept Patented | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum. Accessed October 16, 2025. https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/practical-monolithic-integrated-circuit-concept-patented/.
    2. “Computer History Museum.” Flying wire type integrated circuit, TI, circa 1959, n.d. https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/276/1417. 
    3. “Computer History Museum.” Jack Kilby’s first solid circuit, n.d. https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/276/1413.
    4. “Computer History Museum.” Williams-Kilburn Tubes. https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/memory-storage/8/308. 
    5. Jordan, Bill. “Oral History of William (Bill) F. Jordan Jr.” Interview by Gardner Hendrie. Uploaded by Computer History Museum, 2002. https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2012/06/102658286-05-01-acc.pdf.
    6. Laws, David. “Fairchild Semiconductor: The 60th Anniversary of a Silicon Valley Legend.” CHM, August 28, 2019. https://computerhistory.org/blog/fairchild-semiconductor-the-60th-anniversary-of-a-silicon-valley-legend/#:~:text=Robert%20Noyce’s%20Integrated%20Circuit&text=Fairchild%20intro.
    7. Regitz, Bill. “Oral History of William (Bill) Regitz” Interview by Gardner Hendrie. Uploaded by Computer History Museum, 2002. https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Regitz_Bill/102658288.05.01.pdf
  6. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. n.d. “PA Mining History | Department of Environmental Protection.” History of Coal Mining in Pennsylvania. https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/programs-and-services/mining/bureau-of-mining-programs/pa-mining-history.
  7. “Explore Intel’s history- The IPO.” Explore Intel’s history, n.d. https://timeline.intel.com/1971/the-ipo. 
  8. Explore PA History
    1. “Chapter Four: Labor Strikes and Mine Disasters.” Explorepahistory.com - stories from PA history, n.d. https://explorepahistory.com/story.php%3FstoryId=1-9-B&chapter=4.html. 
    2. “Schuylkill County [Great Depression] Historical Marker.” Explorepahistory.com, n.d. https://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php%3FmarkerId=1-A-32A.html. 
  9. "Full Mechanical: The Panel Telephone Switch" Posted June 30, 2020, by Connections Museum. YouTube, 31 min., 11 sec. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gsx2ZsYggGw.  
  10. Hess, Peter. 2024. “Remembering Bob Dennard, inventor of the DRAM chip.” IBM Research. https://research.ibm.com/blog/bob-dennard-in-memoriam.
  11. Intel Alumni Network. 2012. https://intelalumni.org/
    1. Jordan, Bill, and Tor Lund. “Memory Systems Anthology.” Intel Alumni Network, March 4, 2024. https://intelalumni.org/historical-item/memory-systems-anthology/.
    2. Regitz, Bill. “Bill Regitz 1999 Interview.” Interview by Rachel Stewart. Intel Alumni, 1999, https://intelalumni.org/wp-content/uploads/Regitz-Intel-Oral-HistoryInterview-1999-DE.pdf.   
  12. Kossow, Al. Bitsavers. Computer History Museum. 1997. https://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/ 
  13. Sherriff, Ken. "Germanium transistors: logic circuits in the IBM 1401 computer." Ken Sherriff's Blog. March 2021. https://www.righto.com/2021/03/germanium-transistors-logic-circuits-in.html 
  14. Shockley, W., M. Sparks, G.K. Teal. 1951. “p-n Junction Transistors.” Physical Review 83, no. 1 (July): 151-162. American Physical Society. 10.1103/PhysRev.83.151. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.83.151
  15. Semiconductor Electronics Education Committee, The. Bell Telephone Laboratories, “Transistor Structure,” transferred to digital video by Fran Blanche. Original reel produced by Educational Services Incorporated and Bell Telephone Laboratories. https://youtu.be/5x6Ob3EYkcg?si=CUfh-J5lmKPKpyyA. 
  16. “Touring an anthracite coal mine” by Penn State Special Collections, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0, William Warren Scranton Papers, 1933 – 2005 (bulk 1952 – 1989), M 281, Historical Collections and Labor Archives, Special Collections Library, University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University.
  17. “Univac 1101.” Semantic Scholar, n.d. https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/UNIVAC-1101/1816033. 
  18. Wigton Museum. "Time-Line Computer Archive." n.d. https://t-lcarchive.org. 

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